White House Decor Changes Through the Years

The White House has 132 rooms, and each new president gets $100,000 to redecorate them.The White House.

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We traced the histories of three significant White House rooms — the Oval Office, the Blue Room, and the State Dining Room — to see how their designs have changed over the years.

The Oval Office is the president’s formal work space.President Joe Biden signs an executive order in December 2021.

Evan Vucci

The office’s oval shape was inspired by the shape of the Blue Room on the first floor.

It was completed in 1909 under William Taft.President Taft in the Oval Office.

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The Oval Office was designed by architect Nathan C. Wyeth.

A fire destroyed much of the West Wing in 1929, so Herbert Hoover restored and expanded it in 1930.Construction on the new Oval Office, 1930.

Library of Congress, Harris & Ewing Collection

Among Hoover’s upgrades was the Oval Office’s first telephone.

FDR redesigned and moved the Oval Office in 1934.The Oval Office, 1934.

Harris & Ewing Collection/Library of Congress

Roosevelt expanded the West Wing to accommodate more staff. The Oval Office was moved to the southeast corner of the White House, which had initially been a laundry-drying yard.

He also added details like a ceiling medallion of the Presidential Seal.The ceiling of the Oval Office.

Official White House Photo by Pete Souza

First lady Jacqueline Kennedy had the Resolute Desk restored in 1963.The Oval Office, 1963.

Harold Sellers/JFK Library

The Resolute Desk was a gift from Queen Victoria to President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1880.

Gerald Ford added his own touch with a burgundy color scheme and striped couches in 1975.The Oval Office, 1975.

Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum

The striped sofas were on trend in the ’70s.

George H.W. Bush’s Oval Office redecoration included a new rug with a gold Presidential Seal, new drapes, a coffee table, and two tall armchairs.The Oval Office, 1990.

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The armchairs on either side of the Resolute Desk, dating back to Hoover’s time in the White House, were reupholstered in blue.

George W. Bush preferred neutral tones for the rug and curtains.The Oval Office, 2001.

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The new gold rug featured a sunbeam design.

Bill Clinton had a new blue rug installed.The Oval Office, 1993.

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The rug was made by The Scott Group of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Barack Obama added red curtains, striped wallpaper, and a new rug also made by The Scott Group.The Oval Office, 2011.

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The rug featured the Martin Luther King Jr. quote: “The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.” 

Donald Trump replaced the striped wallpaper with a subtle white pattern.The Oval Office, 2017.

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He also reinstalled Clinton’s drapes.

Joe Biden removed Trump’s portrait of Andrew Jackson and hung one of FDR, a progressive who guided the country out of troubled times.President Joe Biden holds a meeting in the Oval Office.

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In addition to Roosevelt, the wall features portraits of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton hung together to symbolize the benefits of different opinions.

Biden’s Oval Office also includes busts of fellow progressives and activists showcased throughout the room: Robert F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Eleanor Roosevelt, and labor leader and civil rights activist Cesar Chavez.

The Blue Room is where presidents receive guests.President Donald Trump in the Blue Room in 2017.

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The oval shape dates back to George Washington’s practice of holding levees, formal greeting receptions inspired by English court.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt used the Blue Room as his temporary office while the Oval Office was being remodeled in 1934.The Blue Room, 1934.

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By 1940, Roosevelt cleared out and returned to the Oval Office.

In 1963, The Blue Room displayed various antiques and paintings.The Blue Room, 1963.

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It also featured striped wallpaper.

Heavy blue curtains covered the windows in the 1970s.The Blue Room.

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The striped wallpaper was replaced with dark blue.

First lady Hillary Rodham Clinton unveiled a renovated Blue Room in 1995.The Blue Room, 1995.

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The room was remodeled after the Committee for the Preservation of the White House recommended that it be refurbished.

Most notably, the blue wallpaper was replaced with yellow wallpaper.The Blue Room.

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The Blue Room isn’t just for ceremonial greetings — in 2001, George W. Bush met with British Prime Minister Tony Blair there before addressing the nation in the wake of September 11.

The Blue Room is particularly festive during the holidays.The Blue Room, 2009.

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For the Obamas’ first Christmas in the White House in 2009, the Blue Room was adorned with an 18-foot high Douglas fir illuminated with LED lights.

The Blue Room houses the official White House Christmas tree.The official White House Christmas tree in the Blue Room in 2021.

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In 2021, first lady Jill Biden decorated the tree with doves carrying a banner with the names of every US state and territory.

The State Dining Room is where the White House hosts state and holiday dinners, as well as the occasional meeting.The State Dining Room, 2017.

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The menu is usually chosen by the first lady.

The State Dining Room was green during Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency in 1904.The State Dining Room, 1904.

Library of Congress

Roosevelt expanded the State Dining Room during the 1902 White House renovation and added a moose head to the walls.

The design stayed more or less the same until the entire White House was renovated under Truman in 1952.The State Dining Room, circa 1948.

Library of Congress

The renovation cost $5.7 million then, which would be more than $64 million today.

Jacqueline Kennedy restored much of the White House, including the State Dining Room, in the early 1960s.The State Dining Room, 1962.

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She conducted a tour of the newly restored White House that was watched by more than 80 million Americans on television in 1962.

During the Reagan presidency, the State Dining Room was decorated with yellow drapes and red tablecloths.The State Dining Room, 1987.

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Back when Bill Clinton was the governor of Arkansas, he spoke at the White House in 1987.

The State Dining Room was decorated with pink flowers to welcome Australian Prime Minister John Howard in 2006.The State Dining Room, 2006.

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It featured a cream-colored carpet and matching curtains.

A funky purple tablecloth with green chair cushions brightened up the State Dining Room in 2012 when David Cameron visited the White House.The State Dining Room, 2012.

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The tables were set were in honor of David Cameron’s visit to the White House.

It can transform into a performance space with mood lighting.The State Dining Room, 2015.

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At a post-state dinner reception for the prime minister of Japan in 2015, the State Dining Room was dramatically lit in purple.

Trump was the first president since the 1920s to not host a state dinner during his first year in office.The State Dining Room set for French President Emmanuel Macron’s visit in 2018.

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He did host two state dinners during his presidency: President Emmanual Macron of France in 2018 and Prime Minister Scott Morrison of Australia in 2019.

Biden has used the room for meetings and formal events, but he didn’t host a state dinner until almost two years into his time in office.President Joe Biden in a meeting with private sector CEOs in the State Dining Room.

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The State Dining Room features the same curtains and rug from the Trump administration.

For his first state dinner in December, Biden hosted French President Emmanuel Macron in a glass pavilion on the South Lawn of the White House.Biden hosts a state dinner for French president Emmanuel Macron on the South Lawn of the White House December 2022.

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The event featured a performance by Jon Batiste and a menu including Maine lobster and crème fraîche ice cream, Politico reported.